Oxandrolone Wikipedia
# Oxandrolone: A Comprehensive Overview
## Contents
- Introduction(#introduction)
- Medical Uses(#medical-uses)
- Non-Medical Uses(#non-medical-uses)
- Contraindications(#contraindications)
- Side Effects(#side-effects)
- Interactions(#interactions)
- Pharmacology(#pharmacology)
- Pharmacodynamics(#pharmacodynamics)
- Steroid Configuration(#steroid-configuration)
- Pharmacokinetics(#pharmacokinetics)
- Chemistry(#chemistry)
- History(#history)
- Society and Culture(#society-and-culture)
- Generic Names(#generic-names)
- Brand Names(#brand-names)
- Availability(#availability)
- Legal Status(#legal-status)
- References(#references)
- External Links(#external-links)
## Oxandrolone
Oxandrolone is a synthetic anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) that has gained prominence in both medical and non-medical contexts. It is structurally similar to endogenous steroids like cortisol but exhibits stronger anabolic effects. Originally developed in the 1960s, oxandrolone was designed as a less potent alternative to other AAS while maintaining its therapeutic potential.
## Medical Uses
Oxandrolone is FDA-approved for several medical applications:
- Severe immune system suppression, such as in bone marrow transplants or organ transplants.
- Treatment of certain types of cancer, particularly those involving the hormonal system.
- Metabolic disorders, including osteoporosis and muscle wasting associated with chronic illnesses.
## Non-Medical Uses
Despite its restricted medical use, oxandrolone has been employed in non-therapeutic settings:
- Bodybuilding: To enhance muscle growth and strength, often in off-label cycles.
- Anti-aging therapies: Anecdotal reports suggest its use to counteract age-related declines in muscle mass.
## Contraindications
Oxandrolone is contraindicated for individuals with:
- Active or untreated infections.
- Severe mental health disorders, such as manic depression.
- Conditions exacerbated by steroids, including systemic lupus erythematosus.
Always consult a healthcare provider before using oxandrolone, as misuse can lead to serious health risks.
## Side Effects
The side effects of oxandrolone are both anabolic and hepatotoxic:
- **Anabolic effects**: Increased muscle protein synthesis and bone density.
- **Catabolic effects**: Risk of liver damage, emotional disturbances, and sterility.
Long-term use can lead to hormonal imbalances and cardiovascular issues.
## Interactions
Oxandrolone may interact negatively with other medications, including corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and antibiotics. Always inform your healthcare provider of all current medications before starting a cycle.
## Pharmacology
### Pharmacodynamics
Oxandrolone works by binding to glucocorticoid receptors, mimicking the body's endogenous steroid hormones. It selectively activates certain genes related to muscle protein synthesis and bone formation.
### Pharmacokinetics
The drug is metabolized in the liver, with a half-life of approximately 12-24 hours. It is typically administered orally or via intravenous (IV) route, though IV use is less common due to potential complications.
## Chemistry
The molecular formula for oxandrolone is C21H28O2. It belongs to the class of steroid hormones and differs from endogenous steroids by a methyl group at position 17 and a ketone group at position 3. This structural modification enhances its anabolic activity without significantly increasing androgenic effects.
## History
The development of oxandrolone began in the late 1950s, with clinical trials conducted in the 1960s. It was approved by the FDA in 1971 as a safer alternative to other AAS for medical use. However, its off-label popularity led to stricter regulations on distribution and use.
## Society and Culture
Oxandrolone occupies a unique position in modern pharmacology, bridging the gap between therapeutic efficacy and potential misuse. While it remains a vital tool in certain medical treatments, its availability and misuse have sparked debates over drug regulation and societal attitudes toward performance-enhancing substances.
## Generic Names
The generic name for oxandrolone is dexamethasone. It may also be sold under brand names like Decadron (Johnson & Johnson), Hexatrione (Wyeth-Ayerst), and others, depending on the country.
## Brand Names
- **United States**: Available under brands such as Decadron.
- **Other Countries**: Availability varies by regional regulations.
## Legal Status
In the United States, oxandrolone is classified as a controlled substance under Schedule III, allowing medical use with strict oversight. Misuse can result in criminal charges and fines.
## References
1. National Library of Medicine (NLM).
2. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
## External Links
- PubMed: Detailed oxandrolone information(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
- Mayo Clinic: Oxandrolone side effects and uses(https://www.mayoclinic.org)
References:
